Gerbil Species and Varieties

Gerbils are a fascinating group of small rodents that belong to the family Muridae. While there are over 100 different species of gerbils, not all of them are commonly kept as pets. In this article, we’ll explore the most well-known gerbil species and varieties, highlighting their unique characteristics, behaviors, and habitats.

Introduction to Gerbil Species

Gerbils are native to the arid regions of Africa, Asia, and India. They are well-adapted to harsh, dry environments and have developed a range of behaviors and physical traits that help them survive. Gerbils are known for their long tails, which are often tufted at the end, and their powerful hind legs, which allow them to jump and move quickly.

Common Pet Gerbil Species

1. Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)**

The Mongolian gerbil is the most common species kept as a pet. Native to Mongolia and northeastern China, these gerbils are known for their friendly and social nature. They typically have sandy-colored fur, but selective breeding has produced a variety of colors, including black, white, and agouti. Mongolian gerbils are active and curious, making them excellent pets for both children and adults. They are also easy to care for, requiring a spacious cage, a balanced diet, and regular social interaction.

2. Fat-Tailed Gerbil (Pachyuromys duprasi)**

Also known as the Duprasi gerbil or “doop,” the fat-tailed gerbil is native to the Sahara Desert in North Africa. This species is easily recognizable by its distinctive fat tail, which it uses to store fat for periods when food is scarce. Fat-tailed gerbils have a more docile and less active temperament compared to Mongolian gerbils, making them suitable for those who prefer a quieter pet. Their fur is soft and fluffy, usually light beige or gray. Despite their calmer nature, they still require a well-equipped cage and a nutritious diet to thrive.

3. Shaw’s Jird (Meriones shawi)**

Shaw’s jird, also known as the Egyptian gerbil, is native to North Africa and parts of the Middle East. They are larger than Mongolian gerbils, with a body length of up to 8 inches. Shaw’s jirds are more solitary and territorial, making them less suitable for communal living. They have a sandy or brown coat with white underparts and are known for their strong digging instincts. These gerbils require a large cage with deep bedding to satisfy their burrowing behavior.

Lesser-Known Gerbil Species

4. Libyan Gerbil (Meriones libycus)**

The Libyan gerbil, also known as the Sand gerbil, is native to the deserts of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. They have a sandy or yellowish coat that blends well with their desert surroundings. Libyan gerbils are known for their agility and speed, making them excellent escape artists. They are less commonly kept as pets but are valued for their unique behaviors and adaptability to harsh environments.

5. Indian Gerbil (Tatera indica)**

The Indian gerbil, also known as the Indian desert gerbil, is native to the arid regions of India and Pakistan. They have a grayish-brown coat with a white underbelly and are known for their long, tufted tails. Indian gerbils are primarily nocturnal and are adapted to a life of foraging and burrowing. They are less commonly kept as pets due to their nocturnal habits and specific care requirements.

6. Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus)**

The Great gerbil is one of the largest gerbil species, native to Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. They can reach up to 8 inches in length and have a robust build. Great gerbils have a sandy or gray coat and are known for their complex social structures and extensive burrow systems. They are less commonly kept as pets due to their size and the specialized care they require.

Gerbil Varieties and Color Morphs

Selective breeding has led to a wide variety of gerbil colors and patterns, particularly within the Mongolian gerbil species. Some popular color morphs include:

• Agouti: The natural wild-type coloration, with a mix of brown, black, and white hairs.
• Black: Solid black fur with dark eyes.
• White: Pure white fur, often with red or dark eyes (albino).
• Pied: A mix of white and another color, creating a spotted or patched appearance.
• Burmese: Dark brown or chocolate-colored fur.
• Lilac: A soft, grayish-purple coat.

These color variations add to the appeal of gerbils as pets, offering a wide range of choices for enthusiasts.

Conclusion

Gerbils are a diverse and fascinating group of rodents with a wide range of species and color variations. While the Mongolian gerbil remains the most popular pet species due to its friendly nature and ease of care, other species like the fat-tailed gerbil and Shaw’s jird offer unique characteristics that may appeal to different pet owners. Understanding the differences between these species and varieties can help potential gerbil owners make informed decisions and provide the best care for their new pets.